Research Data and Sources

Current public datasets

One dataset, several research questions

The public CSV currently supports four separate observed-data studies. Reusing the same underlying sample is deliberate: it lets us ask different questions about bookmaker-specific prices, market averages, cross-bookmaker maximum prices and opening-versus-closing movement without quietly changing the matches being analysed.

This also makes the work easier to audit. A reader can download one file and reproduce the headline calculations across the entire Premier League research series.

How derived data is created

When Betting Maths uses an external dataset, we try to preserve a clear distinction between the source fields and the figures we calculate ourselves.

• Source odds remain identifiable in the downloadable file.
• Derived book percentages are calculated from the stated formula.
• Rounding is applied only for presentation; the methodology page explains the general approach.
• Sample size and date range are stated on the research page.
• Important limitations are published alongside the findings.

Primary and secondary sources

For mathematical research, the strongest source is often the underlying data itself. For rules, definitions or regulatory claims, Betting Maths prefers primary sources such as official bookmaker/exchange rules, GOV.UK, the Gambling Commission or the organisation responsible for the rule being described.

Secondary sources may be used for context, but they should not replace an available primary source for an important factual claim.

Reproducibility

A reader should be able to take the published inputs and get materially the same answer. That does not mean every page needs a downloadable spreadsheet, but original research should disclose enough information to test the result.

If a future analysis depends on modelling assumptions rather than directly observed data, those assumptions will be stated explicitly.

Corrections

If a derived dataset contains a transcription or calculation error, we will correct the public file and the associated article. Material corrections should be noted on the affected page.